The voluntary carbon market has played a significant role in delivering climate action at scale. Yet post-2020, a significant share of voluntary carbon projects will be hosted in countries that have pledged targets under the Paris Agreement. This presents the possibility that the emission reductions from such projects may be ‘double counted’ – accounted in national pledges to mitigate climate change and then also counted in purchases made by individuals or corporates to ‘offset’ their GHG emissions.