Ensuring global food security while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most significant global challenges for sustainable development. Emissions from ruminants, especially dairy cows and beef cattle, play a central role in this field. According to FAO, livestock supply chains account for 7.1 GT CO2, equivalent to 14.5% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Cattle (beef, milk) are currently responsible for about two-thirds of that total, largely due to methane emissions resulting from rumen fermentation.
